Dextrocardia can be defined as a heart in the right chest with the major axis to the right. A rare case presentation of meckels diverticulum with situs inversus totalis. In people affected by dextrocardia, the tip of the heart points towards the right side of the chest instead of the left side. Additionally, the position of the heart chambers as well as the visceral organs such. Anatomically, this means that the heart is on the left with the pulmonary atrium on the right and the systemic atrium on the left along with the cardiac apex. Successful obstetric outcome in dextrocardia with situs. Terminology dextrocardia merely refers to the laterality of the heart, it says no. Its incidence associated with situs inversus, in the general population, is 1. Situs solitus is the normal arrangement of abdominal organs with levocardia fig. Associated severe cardiac malformations are typical. In brazil it spreads out in the amazon, atlantic solitis, southern fields and pantanal. Dextrocardia is an abnormal congenital positioning of heart. A term referring to the correct sidedness of structures, where morphologically rightsided structures are present on the right side of the body and morphologically leftsided structures on the left.
Article information, pdf download for surgical challenge in situs inversus. Dextrocardia is rare in the general population, and may be associated with significant additional cardiac malformations. It is characterized by the position of the heart in the right hemithorax, with its baseapex axis directed to the bottom right. Garga et al 2003 reported among total 125 patients, dextrocardia was most common with situs inversus 39. Levocardia, dextrocardia and mesocardia are general terms that indicate the position of only the cardiac apex and do not give any indication of the cardiac structure or abdominal situs. Isolated dextrocardia with situs solitus dextroversion. The normal arrangement of internal organs is known as situs solitus while situs inversus is generally the mirror image of situs solitus. Situs inversus refers to the mirrorimage reversal of the organs in the chest and abdominal cavity. Dextrocardia refers to the position of the heart in the right side of the chest. When dextrocardia with situs solitus occurs, the ventricles are inverted but not the viscera and therefore not the atria.
Dextrocardia, dextroversion, dextroposition dextroposition heart is positioned in right thorax, seen in setting of left congenital diaphragmatic hernia dextroversion apex of heart is pointing to right, but situs solitus. Although there is a variation in terminology and classification with regard to dextrocardia, the condition of rightsided heart with situs solitus is most commonly referred to as dextroversion. Among the several studies, the one by van praagh et al 6 is worth mentioning, as it describes and classifies in details the different types of dextrocardia. Dextrocardia with situs inversus and associated cardiac. Situs inversus with levocardia and congenitally corrected.
Situs inversus with dextrocardia and lutembacher syndrome is a rare cardiac anomaly. A rare case presentation of meckels diverticulum with. Dextrocardia with situs ambiguous is less common and occurs in 120,000 live births. Advantage of 30 scope chest xray revealed dextrocardia and rightsided stomach bubble. Forty percents dextrocardia also associated with cardiac malformation. Echocardiography findings were of dextrocardia, small atrial septal defect asd with left to right shunt, atrial situs solitus, bilateral superior vena cava svc and interrupted inferior vena cava ivc with azygous continuation into left svc draining into dilated coronary sinus. Dextrocardia with situs inversus refers to the heart being a mirror image situated on the right side. It is a rare clinical phenomenon with a reported incidence of 1 in 5,00030,000. Pdf anatomy of a dextrocardia case with situs solitus. Other forms of dextrocardia that may be discovered in adults are situs solitus with dloop ventricles and normally related great arteries a variant of dextroversion, situs solitus with lloop ventricles and ltga congenitally corrected tga, situs inversus with dloop ventricles and dtga congenitally corrected tga, and dextrocardia. Dextroposition is where dextrocardia occurs because of a physical shift of the heart to the right due to mechanical factors.
Situs inversus with dextrocardia is the complete inversion of position of the thoracic and abdominal viscera. We report herein for the first time, a case of fetal dextrocardia and situs solitus with complex congenital heart disease in which the fine method was invaluable in diagnosing multiple abnormalities and defining complex anatomic relationships. Dextrocardia with situs inversus is a rare heart condition characterized by abnormal positioning of the heart. Although cardiac problems are more common than in the general population, most. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 351k, or click on a page. Total situs inversus with dextrocardia home facebook. It may be isolated or associated with malformations, especially cardiac andor alimentary. In dextrocardia, the heart is on the right side of the thorax with or without situs inversus. Situs solitus definition of situs solitus by medical.
On the other hand, situs inversus is characterized by the mirrorimage location of the thoracic and abdominal organs. Situs solitus is the medical term referring to the normal position of thoracic and abdominal organs. Dextrocardia definition of dextrocardia by the free. Dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis in an adult. If you have problems viewing pdf files, download the latest version of adobe reader. Dextrocardia is a rare condition usually diagnosed incidentally and associated with other congenital anomalies. Of the 16 patients with situs solitus, six had two ventricles and 10 had. Dextrocardia with situs inversus remains asymptomatic and normally remains. Dextrocardia with situs inversus is rare and presents in different forms depending on the atrioventricular av and ventricularaterial va relationship. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 2. Differing from the normal animals, the vessels on the base of the heart of the animal with dextrocardia situs solitus and apexbasis inversion axis presented alterations. Surgical challenge in situs inversus with dextrocardia and. The lesser anteater tamandua tetradactila is a xenartra from the myrmecophagidae family. The disorders discussed include situs inversus totalis mir rorimage.
In dextrocardia, the main baseapex cardiac axis is directed to the right side of the chest. In dextrocardia with situs solitus, a congenital condition, the heart is on the right side of the chest, but all of the other internal organs are in their normal positions. Dextrocardia with situs inversus is defined as right sided heart along with all inversely rotated visceral organs mirror image. Definition the cardiac apex is located in the right side of the chest three anatomic variations associated with dextrocardia are presented here situs inversus totalis mirror image dextrocardia dextroversion with situs solitus dextroposition of the heart. Mirrorimage dextrocardia is the most common form of cardiac malposition encountered and is almost always associated with situs inversus of. Mitral valve replacement in a jehovahs witness with dextrocardia and situs solitus. Health, general appendicitis diagnosis cat scans usage ct imaging genetic disorders situs inversus genetic aspects. Pdf hypoplastic left heart syndrome with dextrocardia. Pdf dextrocardia with situs inversus, atrioventricular.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a patient with situs inversus. Levocardia leftsided cardiac apex with abdominal situs inversus is extremely. Mirrorimage dextrocardia is the most common form of dextrocardia and occurs with situs inversus. Dextrocardia is a rare cardiac anomaly where the heart is situated on the right antimeres of the thorax. Genetic and rare diseases information center gard po box 8126, gaithersburg, md 208988126 toll free.
One slight difference is that right lung is smaller than the left lung, in order to accommodate the heart. Dextrocardiavalue of segmental analysis in its categorisation. It was observed among between the animals studied figure 1 a and b a female with dextrocardia with situs solitusshown only an inverted heart, while the and other organs had normal topography. Situs solitus was the most common type in our study 47%, which is in contrast to the study of walmsley et al, in which situs solitus was least frequent 22%. Rightsided organs are the liver, the gall bladder and a trilobed lung as well as the inferior vena cava, while leftsided organs are the.
Dextrocardia situs inversus is a congenital condition characterized by a heart that is horizontally inverse, or mirrored. Pdf on mar 1, 20, emmanouil petrou and others published. Cctga may present as situs solitus or situs inversus 5. Background dextrocardia is an abnormal congenital positioning of the heart. Pdf on feb 1, 2009, syed wamique yusuf and others published. Dextrocardia is a component of leftsided poland syndrome. In other rare cases such as situs ambiguous, or heterotaxy, and situs cannot be determined. Other forms of cardiac malposition, including dextrocardia, mesocardia and. Total situs inversus with dextrocardia is a rare condition, and basically means mirror image of all internal organs as the above photo shows. Dextrocardia with situs solitus occurs in an estimated 750029 000 living people worldwide.
Autosomal mode of inheritance is seen with dextrocardia, along with equal ratio seen in both gender. A case of mirrorimage dextrocardia and situs inversus. Dextrocardia from latin dexter, meaning right, and greek kardia, meaning heart is a rare congenital condition in which the apex of the heart is located on the right side of the body. Situs inversus also called situs transversus or oppositus is a congenital condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions.
Dextrocardia in adults with congenital heart disease. The majority of dextrocardia is associated with situs solitus and either normally related or ltransposed great vessels. In this condition, the tip of the heart apex is positioned on the right side of the chest. Dextrocardia and asplenia in situs inversus totalis in a.
In situs solitus, the morphologic right ventricle mrv and right atrium ra are located on the left and right side, respectively. Three patients with situs inversus totalis mirrorimage dextrocardia and concomitant. Situs inversus can be classified further into situs inversus with dextrocardia or situs inversus with levocardia. Dextrocardia with situs inversus in an adult nigerian ejeh. The incidence of dextrocardia associated to situs inversus in the general population is usually 1.
On plain radiograph, careful attention should be directed at the location of the aortic arch, gastric fundus, cardiac apex, pul monary fissures and the branching pattern of the bronchi, in order to ensure that the situs is solitus. The apex is central or rightward displaced on the chest radiograph. The concept of situs refers to the configuration of asymmetric structures within an individual. In secondary dextrocardia, the cardiac apex may point to the left or anteriorly. Situs applies to the pattern of the viscera as a whole and. The incidence of congenital heart disease very high in patients with situs ambiguous. Introduction situs inversus with dextrocardia is the complete inversion of position of the thoracic and abdominal viscera. Pdf dextrocardia an incidental finding researchgate. It may be discovered in infancy because of associated anomalies but often remains asymptomatic and discovered incidentally in adult life. In mesocardia, the heart is centrally located in the chest with normal atrial and visceral anatomy. This induced asymmetry is thought to be achieved by a number of morphological factors that guide development. Dextrocardia is a congenital cardiac malrotation in which the heart is situated on the right side of the body dextroversion with the apex pointing to the right.
Instead of heart forming in fetus on left side, it flips over and forms on right side. About 50% of patients with dextrocardia and congenital heart disease have situs solitus and situs ambiguous accounting for the remaining. It is a rare disease with incidence rate of 110,000 live births 2,3. Instead of the heart forming in the fetus on the left side, it flips over and forms on the right side 1 situs inversus also called situs transversus is a congenital condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions. Dextrocardia with situs solitus and inversion apexbasis axis in lesser. Many people with situs inversus totalis are unaware.
Brito, mitermayer r miranda, carlos e barros, vladimir c castro, luiz r borges, maria h. Dextrocardia with situs inversus associated with non. Dextrocardia with situs inversus is a condition that is characterized by abnormal positioning of the heart and other internal organs. Dextroversion is the rarest form of dextrocardia, and occurs along with typically serious cardiac abnormalities. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome with dextrocardia and situs solitus is a very rare condition.